A few things:
Gravity: Walking up a hill is draining. Now imagine fighting your way up a hill.
Sight lines: You can see farther, so it’s harder to be surprised by the enemy when you have the high ground. And if you can see them (but they can’t see you), that means you can shoot at them, and they can’t shoot at you.
Weapons go farther: Whether it’s spears, arrows, rocks or bullets, a high vantage point increases the distance your weapon can be effective.
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