The injection is more complicated, you need some training to do it correctly, and there is also the risk of infection.
Most antibiotics are taken at home by the one with the infection that likely has no medical training. Swallowing a pill is simpler. Injection yourself or having someone else do it is not simple, it requires training to do it in a safe way. The result is there are very few medical interventions that are done at home that require injection. If there is a requirement there is some training involved.
So injected antibiotics are used in a hospital setting if the oral variant is not appropriate. There you have trained people that can handle it.
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