Almost everything about catholic faith revolves around events that (allegedly) happened in the Middle East. Most of the holiest sites seem to be there in relation to the bible’s depiction of events. So wouldn’t it make sense that the pope/vatican would place its power center as near as possible from the holiest sites? How did it come to be Rome? Was this a decision based on the current political climate at the time or was there a reason based on faith/rethoric of the church?
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Technically, what you’re calling the “Catholic Church” is the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Catholic Church is, in fact, still unofficially based in the Middle East.
Following the schism between the various Churches the Western Church coalesced around Rome and the Eastern Church around Constantinople (until it fell).
The Western Church tried for 2 centuries to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Lands during several Crusades, but we’re ultimately unsuccessful.
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