Pretend you’re in a moving car, and you throw a ball forward out of the car. The speed of your throw is added to the speed of the car and it moves forward until air resistance and gravity slow it.
Now you throw an identical ball backward. The speed of your throw is subtracted from the speed of the car and it moves forward until air resistance and gravity slow it.
The same thing happens when launching a vehicle (ball) from earth (car), except in space you can pretty much ignore resistance and gravity as we understand them on earth **and** speed moves you away from the sun while slowing down moves you toward it.
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