Men and women can equally play the game. There’s no reason why a woman couldn’t compete and beat a top level man in chess, unlike in say tennis or boxing where biological differences give men the advantage (woman have the advantage in ultramarathons though).
However there’s a lot more social aspects. A game that is dominated by men is going to be a hard place for a woman to feel as comfortable in and therefore as able to compete as a man. The same applies in several other sports, like say pool. There’s quite honestly poor sportsmanship expressed by certain champions against their male opponents, such poor sportsmanship will get even worse against female opponents.
Women chess leagues were therefore created to give more recognition to women. As the game is played by more women, and you see players dedicating themselves at equally young ages, then you could esoext eventually for women to appear more in the top lists.
It’s important to note theres an well noted phenomenon where teenage girls give up on hobbies etc as teens when faced with competition, especially when those things are not see as traditionally a place where women have been before. Despite women really being not really worse at STEM for example, many women stop applying themselves at such an age because of antagonism from male classmates, and dealing with identity issues while struggling with something. Sure some young men face similar difficulties, but fewer young men are trying to branch into female dominated spaces with few male role models.
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