It’s called counterfeiting. It is absolutely done by nefarious groups. It’s not modern, it’s old as can be.
However, in the modern world, it’s not easy. Countries go through a lot of effort to make their bills extremely difficult to counterfeit. North Korea notoriously made very good counterfeits of US $100 bills, but this shouldn’t dissuade you that bills are very very difficult to counterfeit.
Now a more fun part, countries actually often do print other currencies, legally and normally! Some developing countries contract out their money to be made to other countries as they don’t have the ability to produce it themselves.
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