Inside your cells, there is a structure called a telomere chain. Think of it like a ladder, with many, many rungs
When your cells are damaged, they divide themselves, the damaged version of the cell dies, and the newly formed non damaged cell takes over. Whenever that happens, the telomere chain in that cell is one rung shorter than the original cell.
When the telomere chain runs out, cells no longer divide to replace themselves. So the cells get more and more damaged over time, they aren’t replacing themselves, and eventually the system breaks down and you die
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