E=mc²
The particle you split is heavier than the resulting pieces you get after splitting it. Where did the mass go? We know that energie and mass are the same thing (see the famous equation from Einstein). The tiny bit of mass results in a lot of energy, because the energy (E) is equal to the mass (m) times the speed of light (c) squared. The speed of light is a big number and gets even bigger if squared.
TL DR: When splitting a particle a bit of mass gets converted to a lot of energy
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