The pressure when you’re under water is just the weight of all the water above you pushing down on you. It’s like being under a bunch of heavy blankets. The more that are stacked up on top of you, the more pressure they’ll push down on you.
So pressure goes up as you go deeper in water. The oceans are on average much deeper than any lake, so the pressure at the bottom of the oceans is higher.
There is one more factor that makes the pressure higher in the oceans compared to (most) lakes: salt. When salt dissolves in water its weight is added to the water without changing the volume of the water very much, so salt water is more dense than fresh water: a glass full of salty ocean water weighs more than the same glass full of fresh lake water. So there is more pressure at the same depth in salt water than in fresh water because the salt water above you at that depth weighs more than fresh water would.
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