In a word, contention. WiFi and mobile data both use radio signals. The radio connection is shared between you and whoever else is tapping into that radio channel.
In your house there are fewer people sharing the WiFi signal; possibly just you, so you get all the bandwidth.
On mobile you’re sharing that radio cell with potentially hundreds of others, so you all get just a little bit at a time. That’s also why you can often get full reception yet no data connection in a busy area. Your phone can see a mast but it’s full.
It really depends.
WiFi is only as fast as the line it’s connected to, here in germany for example it’s still not rare to find 16k connections which is of course a joke even when compared to just 3G let alone 4G or 5G.
If we’re talking just WiFi potential maximum speed it’s mainly due to the proximity to the sender, you can transmit much more data if you’re communicating with just one device that is very close compared to a 4G antenna that potentially has to serve multiple thousands of devices spread over multiple kilometres at once.
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