Sun And solar system start like a cloud of dust Wich comes from old supernova. IT should build on Gravity of heavier stuff like iron, gold, lead, uran,Mercury etc. In the center. Like our planet have high concentration of heavy elements, mostly iron. Should not be the same case with every other planet even more with stars? Instead i read of metal hydrogen in core of Jupiter And fusion of hydrogen in Sun. Should not they be full of heavy stuff And the light stuff float out?
In: Planetary Science
There are heavy elements in the gas giants too, not just a lot compared to the amount of hydrogen and helium. We are not sure the exact amount but some will be there.
The explanation is when the planets started to form within about 4 AU distance from the sun it was too hot for the compounds with low melting points to solids and accumulate. 1 AU is the distance from Earth to the Sun. Mars is at 1.5 AU, the astoir belt most at 2- 3.5 AU and Juptier is at 5 AU
Light material can be blown away by the solar wind, it would over time move farther out in the Solar System, and finally what did not end up in plants was blown out to interstellar space and planets stopped growing.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System#Solar_system_birth_environment
It was to warm for water to remain on Earth during it formation- We are not completely sure how the water goes here. By mass, the water on earth is about 0.02 %
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth
Jupiter has a mass 317 times that of Earth. Earth is is 1/3 oxygen, 1/3 iron, and another heavy element the remaining 1/3 is elements like silicon and magnesium that are in between. If the same amount of Iron exists in Jupiter as in Earth is is only 0,1% of its mass. We have a relatively good idea of what is in the upper part of the atmosphere but not sure exactly what is deep in the planets. https://bigthink.com/13-8/jupiter-core-mystery/
The reason there is fusion in the sun and not Jupiter is because Jupiter is smaller. The core never reaches the temperature and pressure for fusion to start. The amount that is required is approximately 0,08 solar masses of hydrogen (8% of the mass of the sun) Jupiter’s mass is 1/1047 of the sun, which is just below 0.1%. So it would need to be 80 times larger for fusion to start and it becoming a star.
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