The simple answer is there is no time limit.
The limit is only there because the certification only requires a certain amount of time. In reality if it can stay there for more than 5 minutes, it can stay for much longer, at least for days.
If it stays longer, there is a chance that the adhesive degrades or exposed metal parts rust away, causing the phone to leak eventually. Before that happens, the phone is properly sealed against any liquid intrusion, including the goretex-sealed baro vent.
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