There were always somewhat “realistic” artwork throughout history, but as other commenters point out a lot of the ‘cartoonish’ art you see in history was just the predomenant style at the time.
[Here are some fairly realistic portraits painted in Egypt around 100-200 A.D.](https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/depicting-dead-ancient-egyptian-mummy-portraits)
And [here is an attempt at fairly realistic art in a fresco from Pompeii.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/House_of_Julia_Felix_still_life_eggs.jpg/800px-House_of_Julia_Felix_still_life_eggs.jpg?20110721202131) It’s not quite as realistic as reneissance masters, but neither were most artists from the reneissance period that we do not remember today.
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