Electricity will always take the shortest route to get to the ground. So when you’re in range of the generator it will arc to you and out your feet to reach the ground easier than going through the air.
The reason you don’t get shocked (or at least not significantly shocked) is because amps and volts are very different. You can have high voltage and that sounds scary but it really won’t do harm. Amps are where it gets dangerous. And amps multiplied by volts gives you your wattage. I dont know a whole lot about amps and volts so I would recommend looking them up on your own.
So simply put, a van de Graff generator has a high voltage but low amperage.
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