Many pre-historic societies had structures that indicate they understood equinoxes and solstices. Attempts to convert this knowledge to a written calendar that is accurate were largely unsuccessful until humans started navigating long distances by sea and taking precise measurements.
Julius Caesar created the first calendar that we would recognize (the Julian Calendar) but there were disputes about which month it was and many type of leap years and months.
The Gregorian calendar is what we use now, crested in the late 16th century to contain a leap day every four years.
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