The only difference between the eggs we eat and the eggs that turn into chickens that hatch is that the eggs we eat aren’t fertilized, meaning the male rooster doesn’t insert any sperm into the female hen. Hens will lay eggs whether or not they’re fertilized.
Hens don’t get pregnant in the sense that you’re thinking of because that’s a term that applies to animals that have live young. Roosters insert their sperm into the hen with their cloaca (a cloaca is like is a single opening that is used for both reproduction and excreting waste) and the sperm fertilize the egg inside the hen, but then the hen passes the egg out of her own cloaca. The embryo inside then grows, develops, and hatches all outside of the hen.
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