Many countries have an insurance or guarantee to protect normal consumer deposits. In most cases, that protection is automatic and required legally in order to operate as a consumer/retail bank.
In the US, the insurance is provided by the FDIC (you can see this on most bank brochures). These provide guarantees in case of bank failures on savings and checking account balances up to a maximum of 250K.
As a regular bank customer, you are not required to do anything to obtain this protection.
This protection does NOT extend to investment or brokerage accounts (unless specified) They may also not apply to foreign currency accounts etc.
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