Generally speaking, two things keep them in place.
Your eye is not perfectly spherical. The cornea, where the contact sits, protrudes a bit. The contact is curved like a suction cup that is perfectly shaped to fit the curvature of your cornea. So the contact stays in place because that’s where it fits best.
Also, pressure. If you were to wet your fingers with contact solution, then squeeze a contact between your fingers, the contact will slip out. The white surface of your eye (called the sclera) and the skin on the inside of your eyelids (called the conjunctiva) are much more slippery, and these tissues push up against each other in order to hold your eye in place. This pressure tends to squeeze things out if they are inserted not this space.
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