>Do we puke stomach acid alongside the substances that our stomach doesn’t want to digest? If we do, does our esophagus, teeth, tongue etc. get damaged in the process?
You absolutely do and they absolutely suffer. Make sure to drink lots of water (if circumstances allow) after throwing up to counteract the adverse effects.
Yes and yes. When you vomit, you vomit *all* of your stomach contents, and that includes stomach acid. While an occasional incident of vomiting is not enough to cause any damage, repeated, frequent vomiting, such us in people with eating disorders who cause themselves to vomit on purpose on a regular basis, long-term damage to the teeth and esophagus can occur.
The saliva in your mouth acts as a protective coating to add a layer between your exposed mouth and the acid. It’s why your mouth fills with saliva before you puke. But it’s not a magic forcefield, so over time if you vomit more than would be reasonably accounted for by your body (coming from an ex bulimic) your teeth do noticeably begin to errode.
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