eli5 Do blood clinics test the blood before giving the donation to a patient?
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Yes blood donations are tested as part of the processing before they are ever given to a recipient. If the donated blood has a virus or bacterial infection, that infection will be transferred to the recipient. Often the recipients of donated blood have weakened immune systems (cancer patients, people recovering from surgury, etc), so even a minor infection could be more serious for the recipient than the donor.
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