Nicotine is literally an insecticide (the reason tobacco makes it). The lethal dose is about 0.8 mg/kg body mass, or 60 mg for a 75kg person. Used properly, an adult isn’t going to overdose from a nicotine patch, but if a young child finds them and puts them on, it could be deadly.
For adults that use nicotine, the compound itself is a carcinogen, of course, and it causes cardiovascular issues, blood clotting, and increased Alzheimer’s risk. Most people intuit that cigarettes will cut 15-20 years off your lifespan and cause lots of health issues, but they typically underestimate the harm from vaping, nicotine gum, and patches.
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