You can just look up how people do it. Do a Google search.
Or, this is not a joke, look up a college university close to you with a linguistics department, and literally call them on the phone and the linguistics people.
People do what you’re asking about everyday. It’s called Historical Linguistics. So there’s a wealth of info about there about how it’s done.
In my opinion this sub shouldn’t be a crutch for people who don’t want to research questions that are easily researched.
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