Most living things contain Carbon. There is a “special” type of carbon that breaks down over time. The amount of special carbon in a living thing is known and how long it takes to break down is known. With that you can take something very old, see how much special carbon is left and then do some math to get a rough idea of how old it is. That is what Carbon Dating is.
Also if it was buried, then they might be able to tell from the geology of where it was. Or a combination of both.
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