Everything they said. Chemical reaction where a material wants to return to its chemically most stable state. Certain metals like gold are fairly chemically stable and don’t mind existing in nature. Iron however has an atomic weight of 26 with only 2 electrons in its outermost shell giving it a +2 ionic charge, oxygen has a -2 ionic charge, so wherever possible, iron and oxygen are best buds and wanna be together in their natural state. This is rust
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