If you really want to know, Ben Eater has a YouTube channel with a playlist for his “Breadboard Computer”. It will take you the whole way from explaining a PN Junction all the way to a basic programming language for a very simple CPU.
The series requires a bit of concentration, but anyone can follow along, and at the end you’ll know exactly what happens inside a microprocessor – what people commonly think of as an IC. Even if you’re thinking of other IC’s like memory chips, etc., it’ll give you a massive start to completely understanding deeper than most degree-level students will. Amazing course.
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