they make it up using what’s around. if your subject stands in front a green grass field, you just make up more green grass field. but if your subject happened to be standing in front of 1 red rose in a green grass field, then your made up more green grass field would be wrong, as it is missing a red rose. but unless someone knew there was a red rose behind the subject, no one would know the picture is inaccurate.
Usually you can get away with clone tool which basically copy and pastes nearby pixels. So if there is a bird in front of leaves in the distance, you would have it copy from the section with leaves and paste where the bird is. Then you can use a gradated eraser to make the edges blend into the background.
There’s lots of other methods.
They make it up. If the background is a somewhat predictable texture like a white wall, a blue sky or the sand on the beach they literally copy paste bits of the visible background, otherwise they have to actually draw it either by copying from other pictures (from the same set or not) or using other techniques.
> Do people have to take TWO pictures at the same angle in order to photoshop things out?
Ideally this is what you would do. Get a photo from the same spot both with the subject and thing to be shopped out (a light stand maybe) and a photo with nothing there to provide a background. This second shot is known as a ‘Clean Plate’.
But otherwise yeah, you make up the background from the context of the photo. It doesnt have to actually reflect reality, just look right in the photo.
To remove an object you need to fool the viewer.
In most cases, the viewer has no idea what was there in reality so the only thing you can do it to look at the surroundings and if something does the match what is around is you can determine that is is fake. But the person that remove the object is a human with very similar experience so they can replace the area with something that looks realistic for them.
So if it looks realistic for them it would look realistic for you.
There is in most cases no need to know what was there because the viewer does not either.
If it is a famous location you might know what is there but then there likely are other photos of it online so you can use them as guides.
You could only spot the object removal if it is a location or a partially visible object like a model of car that is well known to you but not to the person that manipulates the image and that is a very rare situation so it seldom happens for you.
So in most cases, there is no need to know what was there you only need to make it look possible when compared to the surrounding that you have in the image.
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