To remove an object you need to fool the viewer.
In most cases, the viewer has no idea what was there in reality so the only thing you can do it to look at the surroundings and if something does the match what is around is you can determine that is is fake. But the person that remove the object is a human with very similar experience so they can replace the area with something that looks realistic for them.
So if it looks realistic for them it would look realistic for you.
There is in most cases no need to know what was there because the viewer does not either.
If it is a famous location you might know what is there but then there likely are other photos of it online so you can use them as guides.
You could only spot the object removal if it is a location or a partially visible object like a model of car that is well known to you but not to the person that manipulates the image and that is a very rare situation so it seldom happens for you.
So in most cases, there is no need to know what was there you only need to make it look possible when compared to the surrounding that you have in the image.
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