The expression of physical characteristics (eye color, height, etc.) is determined by a molecular “code” called DNA. DNA is a helical ladder of molecules, and the rungs of this ladder control how traits are expressed. Each time the affected cell replicates, this data is copied to new cells.
Radioactive substances emit tiny particles at tremendous speed. If these particles collide with the rungs of the ladder, the code is damaged. When an organism reproduces (provide it was not sterilized by the radiation), this faulty code is passed on to the offspring, resulting in mutations.
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