As tree grows older it generates new cells from inside out. The outer layer of cells then becomes it’s bark. The nutrients (sap)flow through the walls (or layers). Over a period of time the outer bark stops receiving the nutrients. It dies and forms the basis for a woody structure. It has dried fiber and miniscule air dots. Many such layers protects the inside of a tree.
However, depending upon the size of the tree and bark thickness, a tree can get freez and die too.
In tropical landscapes, such things happen to even older trees because the fiber of the bark is not strong enough to withstand cold.
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