Something not mentioned already is that PDFs are commonly created with images that are massively too large for the need.
Imagine if you have a photograph suitable for printing a roadside billboard, but you’re showing it on a cellphone display. You can either keep the whole image and scale it down in realtime to display it, or replace the original image with a smaller one already sized to the cellphone screen size. It physically looks the same on the screen either way, but the latter is vastly smaller.
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