Generally it’s basically a formal honor code during the war, in the event there is a ‘winner’ to a conflict, the victor sometimes is in a position to hold people accountable, and the international criminal court can hypothetically pursue charges against any individual that enters a country that honors their jurisdiction, but if a person were to commit war crimes then hide out in some country that both denies international courts and denies extradition, and doesn’t care you did warcrimes, then yeah theirs not much that can be done short of holding a trial in absentia and then violating the harboring countries borders and abducting the individual.
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