Especially how does the US mainly, possibly somewhere else, keep borders that are literal boxes, like Wyoming. Or the straight line that is the Canada-Alaska border. Or like the northern African borders, which some of simply seem to run through a random place in the desert. Especially the Newfoundland and Quebec border, it doesn’t look like it follows anything and just goes in random directions.
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Those borders are typically set in a law, and line up with some specific latitude and longitude coordinates. The law says that the border is there, so it’s there.
When international borders get disputed, we call that war, and typically the stronger side decides where the line is, and then a treaty is signed declaring that the border. If the fighting goes on for long enough, the two sides wind up setting up fortifications on either side, like the Korean border between north and south. Those fortifications have a tendency to stay put for a long time.
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