I can actually answer this! I’m doing a PhD in infectious diseases, particularly with AB toxins.
It turns out that the genetic differences, which is to say how their toxin physically appears, is effectively the same between E. coli, listeria, shiga, and many others. There’s actually some conversation that they’re all the same organism! The reason they cause different diseases is more related to where they infect than with what.
So to answer your question, the toxin these bacteria use are different combinations of the same thing. Like putting a policeman Lego head on a Lego alien body. Since you can look for the same thing, you can use the same test for all of them.
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