eli5: if we cant observe all of the universe how do we know its infinite?
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Measurements indicate the universe is flat. If it is flat *and* finite, then there would be locations near the edge, or near the center. That is, some locations would have a special, unique vantage point.
A general principle that is assumed is the Copernican principle, that no point of view in the universe is more special than any other, which would require a flat universe to be infinite.
Yes, it is an assumption, but we’ve yet to observe anything to contradict it.
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