Sine waves are simple — evenly shaped with constant amplitude.
Real sound waves are complicated — they do repeat but their shape can be irregular with lots of little peaks in between the major ones.
With something called Fourier analysis, you can represent any complicated wave by a sum of sine waves of different frequencies. So instead of looking at the shape of the complex wave, you can look at the a graph of the frequencies included in that wave. These frequency plots can be much easier to read! From there, I’ll defer to your phonetics teacher. You may be able to better perceive a vowel or a consonant from a frequency graph than a more traditional amplitude graph.
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