You create a sterile field so that nothing from you or external to the patient can contaminate the patient. And also so that you are not contaminated by patient fluids etc
It does not matter if a medical instrument touches the patient a number of times because it can only be carrying the patient’s own fluids etc. It would have to be changed if it touched a part of the patient that was infected though, to avoid spreading that infection to new areas.
Everything is sterile. The patient’s uncovered skin near the opening, the surgeon’s hands, the tools. Therefore, no **foreign** stuff will make it into the patient, because everything that comes into contact with the patient’s organs is sterile.
It doesn’t matter that the patient’s organs aren’t sterile themselves. If you touch them a second time, all you end up doing in reintroducing the same thing that was already on the organs in the first place (which you picked up during the first touch).
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