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In: Biology
Blood groups, or the ABO system is exclusive to humans. A red blood cell is a biconcave disc, in essence, a water floaty frisbee with its center sunken in (or maybe a red checker from the board game). Now imagine a donut if you will instead of a water floaty frisbee. The plain donut, glazed if you prefer, let’s say that is blood type O. Type O is recognized by its LACK of antigens. What are antigens? Anything that elicits an immune response in the human body. So glaze donut, type O. Now, take that same glazed donut and add sprinkles to it. Said glazed donut with sprinkles is type A. The sprinkles represent a specific antigen adhered to the RBC, making it slightly different than before. Swap out sprinkles on your donut for nuts. This is type B blood. An antigen, but different than A entirely. Finally, your glazed donut with sprinkles AND nuts represents your type AB. So think of blood typing to people as this: if your donut has sprinkles /nuts on it, you can only eat donuts with the SAME sprinkles and or nuts, or a glazed donut. This means type O glazed donut can only eat other glazed donuts. Eating one with sprinkles or nuts (A or B) means you’re going to trigger an immune response. This a gross oversimplification because there are antibodies to match the antigen type, but that’s a somewhat different concept altogether.
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