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In: Biology
They’re basically genetic markers that you have in your blood.
If the donor has a marker that the recipient doesn’t have the body will detect it as foreign and the immune system will attack. Which can cause blood clotting, kidney failure, pain all over, breathing problems (and possibly death)…all the bad stuff that can happen when bloodcells are breaking down inside your body.
Even if you have the same bloodtype you might still get an allergice reaction, which is why doctors always perform a compatibility test before doing a transfusion.
As for why they’re different? Some people are tall, some people have red hair, some people have brown eyes, some people have AB+ bloodgroups. There is really no reason except that at some point someone got the genetics for these markers and then their kids got them etc.
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