First of all, you can always use lowercase letters, uppercase letters, and quite commonly Greek letters.
But you can also use subscripts (e.g. a1, a2, a3…). For example, look at the [definition of polynomial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial#Definition).
You can also add a diacritical mark to the variables, like ã and ā. This usually denotes a variable that is related to or derived from an existing variable.
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