An analytical statement is a statement that you can tell is true or not just from the language and not from empirical observation.
Eg. A bachelor is an unmarried man.
Tom is a bachelor.
“Is Tom an unmarried man?” Is an analytical question.
A synthetic question is question that combines an analytical framework with an empirical observation.
Eg:
Analytical statement: “a bachelor is an unmarried man”.
Question is John a bachelor?
Empirical observations: I see John with a wedding ring on his finger. John introduces me to a woman as his wife. I Google John’s name and see a wedding registry.
Synthetic answer: John is not a bachelor.
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