My guess is the forward speed. It takes a certain amount of energy applied on your legs bones to break them. The skateboarder transfers the energy built up from the fall into the forward speed. The wheels of the skateboard allow it to be pushed forward quickly with less friction than your feet, so the skate board speeds up where as your feet stick, absorbing all that energy, which could break the bones. You’ve got a better chance at making the jump from a running start and trying to transfer energy forward by rolling. There’s a technique called a PLF or parachute landing fall, that was designed specifically to do this.
[PLF](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute_landing_fall)
There’s no doubt that the board absorbs some of the shock. But the major factor is the way they land : notice how the knees bend completely on the impact and how the upper body moves down to absorb most of the kinetic energy.
They have a near perfect landing technique similar to what you’ll see in parkour.
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