A part of our immune system is to make specific B-Cells which produce antibodies which specifically target and pummel the bacteria/virus that infected you. These B-Cells persist even after the infection, so you are essentially immune against the bacteria/virus with that specific DNA. The problem is that bacteria/viruses reproduce so much (tens of thousands in just one infected human) that they mutate constantly and get better at infecting and persisting in humans. But these B-Cells only prodice antibodies against the bacteria/virus 50000 generations back. So the body has to activate and make new B-Cells. But then the bacteria/viruses mutate, and so on.
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