As Europeans encountered new and unfamiliar societies, they had certain advantages that helped them overcome the challenges they faced. These advantages included better immunity to diseases, advanced healthcare and sanitation systems and superior weaponry and technology. However, despite their advantages, their interactions with these societies were complex and not always peaceful. (conquering often or worse)
Being exposed to so many sicknesses earlier on in Europe’s history due to varying circumstances inadvertently added to a more diverse immunity in a sense. There are exceptions. Certain parts of the world disease sickness illness is affected by climate location. Take regions of Africa where Malaria affects most Europeans to this day. It is not so much that Europeans didn’t die upon contact with new people, they did at first. Everyone did. It is that Europeans and others kept fighting. However into the modern world Europeans kept attempting “Empires” that would span the known world.
Edit: the only other close to recent time that comes to mind is Ghengis Khan who affected it enough that they say many of us, Europeans included can trace some of our lineage back to him or his army lol. Or Artaxerxes, he too at one point conquered much of the known world.
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