Humans (And all other mammals as far as i’m aware. Undergo puberty because we don’t start out fully developed. Children are, at least biologically, only distinguishable in gender by their sexual organs, as they look pretty much the same otherwise. Sexual dimorphism, aka the body plan being clearly differentiated between males and females, is a thing that only happens in humans in puberty. It is also when our bodies get ready for sexual reproduction. As for why it happens when it does, that’s just how we are programmed.
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