Especially f1 or carting tracks
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It is hard to find a good surface for the areas outside of the track. It should be slower to drive off-track then on-track so that drivers do not take advantage of this and start cutting corners. It is better for the racing when they get punished for their mistakes right away then for some judge to issue a punishment some time later. But the areas where drivers often make mistakes can see quite a lot of traffic during a weekend and therefore needs to be sturdy to not get damaged. It is never popular when the race have to be stopped to have the track repaired. In addition to this you need to get good traction on the surface so that the car may be able to stop in an emergency.
So although it is far from perfect making the edge of the track rough asphalt or concrete does achieve much of this. Every time the wheel hit the surface on a bounce it gets pushed back slowing the car down. And while the wheel is in the air there is no traction so no acceleration or turning. This punishes the driver for going over the white line while they can still do it thousands of times over the course of a race without damaging the curbs.
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