Electricity has 2 basic properties, voltage (electrical “pressure”) and current (electrical “flow”).
To force current into a battery to charge it, you need to apply a higher *voltage* than the battery already has in it. Otherwise electricity would want to flow *from* the battery *into* the charger, or at least stop flowing, and neither of those is helpful.
But when the battery is near the maximum voltage it can safely be exposed to… the amount of voltage you can use to force current into it is just a *tiny* bit higher than its current voltage, and the flow of electricity into it gets very slow.
ELI5 version would be imagine you’re going to a cinema.
You are first to enter the showing room and all the seats are empty. You can easily find a seat to sit down.
When more and more people come and sit down there are less seats and it takes longer to find one and get to it.
For explainational purposes phones are similar that it takes longer for the ions to find a place in the battery when charging when it is close to full
First of all the energy % level is hard to actually measure for most batteries, and your phone estimates how full it really is. How this estimation is done makes a big difference for this.
Also the fuller a battery is the harder it gets to fill it further because less material to react is left, and the “force to decharge it” gets stronger.
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