Take a piece of paper and hold it flat under a light directly above you. Observe the size of the shadow. Now tilt the piece of paper by about 45 degrees, do you see how the shadow shrinks in size? It is blocking less light when it is at an angle.
Imagine the paper is an area of Earth’s surface and the light is the sun. As the Earth spins bringing that patch of ground towards night the angle of the sun moves towards the horizon and the sunlight falling on the surface is more angled.
Just like with the paper the amount of sunlight falling on that area of Earth is reduced, which means less heat is being transferred from the sun.
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