ELI5; Why/ how do our eyes interpret bright light as painful?

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For example being used to a dark room, and then walking into another that’s much brighter and having a pain response while adjusting to the new lighting.

In: Biology

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In a dark room, our pupils dilate to let in more light so we can see better. Pupils also constrict in a bright room to help cut down the amount of light going to the retina. If you go from a dark room to a light room, your dilated pupils let in a large amount of light which damages the retina because of how sensitive they are.

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