Different elements and compounds absorb light particles of different wavelengths and reflect others. Something “Red” absorbs the other colors and reflects the red light back out. When you mix, say, paints, it changes what is absorbed or reflected to your eye – part of it is reflecting yellow, and another red, so you see red and yellow, but the bits that do the reflecting are mixed up so the light comes together as orange, say. Eventually if you mix enough pigments correctly, the combination just absorbs everything and you get black.
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