There’s no technical reason. It was an arbitrary aesthetic choice to distinguish PS1 game disks from other CDs, which were usually silver.
There’s been a claim that the black colour was due to copy protection, but this wasn’t the case. The “wobble groove” PS1 discs used to prevent copying could technically be used on any CD, since it was physically pressed into the read layer. Black CD-Rs were also widely sold in the late 90’s and early 2000’s. These still would not work in an unmodified PS1. That’s because CD-RW drives can’t write to the portion of the disc where the wobble groove is located.
In the case of the PS2, CDs were blue to distinguish them from DVDs. The DVDs are the same pale bronze colour as the ones used for films. Blurays are a pale blue colour. I’m not sure if there’s a technical reason for that though.
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